Diversity and cluster analysis of pine mushroom’s endophytes using metagenome analysis

AUTHORS:

Jong Beom Seo, Ah Hyeon Choi, Butoto Imani wa Rusaati, Jun Won Kang

ABSTRACT:

Tricholoma matsutake (Pinus mushroom, PM) is one of the most valued ectomycorrhizal
fungi in Asia because it is an expensive forest product with a unique flavor and taste.
Therefore, many studies have tried to successfully cultivate Tricholoma matsutake artificially
in Korea and other countries. However, its physiological and ecological characteristics are
still unknown. Thus, we need to understand the diversity and clusters of microorganisms
related to Tricholoma matsutake and to identify their core microorganisms related to their
growth and production. In this study, we obtained an average of 11,661 fragments from three
pine mushrooms with metagenome (an assemblage of genes of all microorganisms in the
natural world) analysis from a pine forest located in Pohang, Gyeongsang-Bukdo. Of these,
the valid reads were on average 5,073 per sample available for analysis, and the average
length of a read was 456 bp. There were an average of 33.3 phyla in the metagenome analysis.
Firmicutes phylum made up on an average 46% of the phyla and was dominant among the
phyla. The next dominant phylum was Proteobacteria at 27% followed by Bacteroidetes at
17%, Actinobacteria at 5% and Verrucomicrobia at 2%. The Proteobacteria phylum consisted
of the γ-proteobacteria class at 54% followed by β-proteobacteria at 37%, α-proteobacteria
at 6%, δ-proteobacteria at 2% and ζ-proteobacteria at 0%. The metagenome consisted of the
Ruminococcaceae family at 17% followed by Pseudomonadaceae at 13%, Burkholderiaceae
at 7%, Bacteroidaceae at 7%, Lachnospiraceae at 7% and Clostridiaceae at 6%.